Abstract
In this study we present the real-time monitoring of three key brain neurochemical species in conscious rats using implantable amperometric electrodes interfaced to a biotelemetric device. The new system, derived from a previous design, was coupled with carbon-based microsensors and a platinum-based biosensor for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA), O2 and glucose in the striatum of untethered, freely-moving rats. The miniaturized device consisted of a single-supply sensor driver, a current-to-voltage converter, a microcontroller and a miniaturized data transmitter. The redox currents were digitized to digital values by means of an analog-to-digital converter integrated in a peripheral interface controller (PIC), and sent to a personal computer by means of a miniaturized AM transmitter. The electronics were calibrated and tested in vitro under different experimental conditions and exhibited high stability, low power consumption and good linear response in the nanoampere current range. The in-vivo results confirmed previously published observations on striatal AA, oxygen and glucose dynamics recorded in tethered rats. This approach, based on simple and inexpensive components, could be used as a rapid and reliable model for studying the effects of different drugs on brain neurochemical systems.
Highlights
Details of the links between neurochemical and brain physiological functions or neurodegenerative diseases are mostly unknown
We present a wireless device connected to microsensors or biosensors capable of detecting rapid changes of ascorbic acid (AA), O2 and Glucose concentrations in the striatum of untethered freely-moving rats
In this study we present the real-time monitoring of three brain neurochemical species (AA, O2 and glucose) in untethered, freely-moving rats using a biotelemetric device coupled with implantable sensors
Summary
Details of the links between neurochemical and brain physiological functions or neurodegenerative diseases are mostly unknown. Because of its high energy metabolism, related to anatomical characteristics and physiology, the central nervous system (CNS) is assumed to be sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxygen is implicated in several biochemical reactions involving for instance ATP in the brain [8]. Monitoring oxygen concentration dynamics could give important information about brain energy metabolism related to glucose [9] or lactate consumption [10]. Glucose is actively involved in ATP synthesis and its concentration in extracellular spaces is the most important factor for energy metabolism [9,11,12]. The intrinsic chemical characteristics of these molecules allow their detection using specific telemetric devices able to work in oxidation [18,19] or in reduction [8] mode
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