Abstract

Modern biotechnology is based on scientific advances that make it possible to isolate and clone specific pieces of DNA containing genes, and to sequence the nucleotides in a DNA molecule, so that the precise location and structure of genes can be studied at the molecular level. This chapter surveys the ways in which modern biotechnology has already had, and may in the future have, an impact on the understanding of the soybean. It reviews the prerequisites for genetic engineering of a crop plant with some examples of recent accomplishments with other species, and summarizes soybean breeding objectives that might be amenable in the future to genetic engineering. Among the major breeding objectives in the soybean that are amenable to biotechnological solutions are seed protein and oil quality, plant stress tolerance, pest and disease resistance, and herbicide tolerance. Seventy percent of the storage proteins in soybean seeds are accounted for by two components of the globulin fraction, glycinin and ß-conglycinin.

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