BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN UPSCALING OF PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES

Abstract

Plants are considered as a great hub of secondary metabolites with high value that have uses in a variety of fields. Whenever the natural source is insufficient or chemical synthesis is not viable, plant tissue culture methods are regarded as viable and eco -friendly for the smooth production of secondary metabolites. The main benefits of using plant tissue culture techniques for the production and enrichment of plant secondary metabolites are discussed in this chapter, along with the various biotechnological methods that can be used to upscale their production. The chapter demonstrates that although there are several instances describing the synthesis of differentiated cells and tissues especially hairy roots and undifferentiated cells are the ideal culture method employed for the creation of valuable secondary metabolites under in vitro conditions. The potential ways to improve the biosynthesis of valuable compounds produced by any plant in vitro systems are outlined in an integrated manner. This includes metabolic engineering, which regulates plant metabolism by overexpressing/repressing a single structural gene or a group of structural genes. The production of secondary metabolites from plant origin at laboratory or industrial scales, various bioreactor system types, their modification, and ideal process parameters are described