Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLSs) are sulfur‐rich, amino acid‐derived defense compounds characteristic of the Brassicales order. In the past, GLSs were mostly known as anti‐nutritional factors in fodder, biopesticides in agriculture, and flavors in condiments such as mustard. However, in recent times, GLSs have received increased attention as promoters of human health. This has spurred intensive research towards generating rich sources of health‐promoting GLSs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the biotechnological approaches applied to reach this goal. This includes optimization of GLS production and composition in native, GLS‐producing plants, including hairy root and cell cultures thereof, as well as synthetic biology approaches in heterologous hosts, such as tobacco and the microbial organisms Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The progress using these different approaches is discussed.
Highlights
WHY GLUCOSINOLATES?Glucosinolates’ role in planta Glucosinolates (GLSs) are important defense compounds present in the Brassicales order, including the brassicaceous vegetables, for example, cabbages, radishes and broccoli (Halkier and Gershenzon 2006)
4methylsulfinylbutyl GLS (4MSB) and its ITC have received a lot of attention
As information on GLSs is primarily obtained from A. thaliana, this plant has naturally been studied for GLS production in cell cultures
Summary
WHY GLUCOSINOLATES?Glucosinolates’ role in planta Glucosinolates (GLSs) are important defense compounds present in the Brassicales order, including the brassicaceous vegetables, for example, cabbages, radishes and broccoli (Halkier and Gershenzon 2006). As information on GLSs is primarily obtained from A. thaliana, this plant has naturally been studied for GLS production in cell cultures. Overexpression of the MYB28 transcription factor, a key regulator of aliphatic GLSs, in A. thaliana cell culture resulted in an increase to approximately 2.3 mmol/g fresh weight (FW), which is still roughly 1.5-fold lower than in the rosette of a wild-type plant (Hirai et al 2007).
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