Abstract
Magnolia sp., also known as Michelia, are woody fragrant flowering plants that have been used in traditional medicinal purposes. This review covers past and curent and future potential studies of Magnolia species grown in Indonesia. There are 28 species and a hybrid of Magnolia that has been recognized and distributed in Indonesia. Conventional cultivation of Magnolia becomes very hard due to poor seed germination. It is caused by hard seed coat, short-lived seed, a fleshy red outer layer of seed called aeril. There are a few studies about in vitro culture and volatile compounds of Magnolia genus at the world literture. M. champaca, M. liliifera, and M. alba (hybrid) and others widely grow in Indonesia, yet the output of studies are anadequate about in vitro or ex vitro cultivation in Indonesia. This review compiles the works of Magnolia species carried out in the past and approaches for future breeding and production studies. These new approaches will significantly contribute to the economic production of the Magnolia species grown in Indonesia.
Highlights
The genus Magnolia known as Michelia in Magnoliaceae family is woody flowering plant of about 223 species in the world that are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions [1]
M. champaca known as champak in English and is locally known as Cempaka with fragrant yellow flower is one of Magnoliaceae family that distributed in Indomalaya ecozone especially widely grows in Java, Lesser Sunda and Sumatra and Sulawesi of Indonesia
Rout et al [37] reported that the lower sesquiterpene hydrocarbons which compose more than 60% of headspace were found at absolute and concrete compared to essential oil components of M. champaca flower
Summary
The genus Magnolia known as Michelia in Magnoliaceae family is woody flowering plant of about 223 species in the world that are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions [1]. Indomalaya ecozone spreads most of South (Indian subcontinent) and Southeast Asia to the southern part of East Asia (lowland southern China) through Indonesia, Phillipines, lowland Taiwan and Japan Ryuku’s islands. These species are native to Indomalaya ecozone especially in Indonesia is M. champaca and M. liliifera [7, 8, 9]. A few studies on the tissue culture report plant regeneration on some species of Michelia, [14], especially callus induction, cell culture, somatic embryogenesis and dormancy of M. champaca [15, 16, 17, 18] and cell culture of M. alba [19]. Advanced studies are needed to develop genus Magnolia that grows in Indonesia; due to its high economic value and advantages to individuals, industries and state
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