Biotechnological Advancements and Begomovirus Management in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.): Status and Perspectives.

Gyan P Mishra,Achuit K Singh,Prabhakar M Singh,Jaydeep Halder,Tania Seth,Shailesh K Tiwari,Nagendran Krishnan,Bijendra Singh

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00360

Gyan P Mishra, Achuit K Singh + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00360

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Abstract

Despite the importance of okra, as one of the important vegetable crop, very little attention has been paid to its genetic improvement using advanced biotechnological tools. The exploitation of marker assisted breeding in okra is often limited due to the availability of a few molecular markers, the absence of molecular genetic-map(s), and other molecular tools. Chromosome linkage-groups were not yet constructed for this crop and reports on marker development are very scanty and mostly hovering around cultivar characterization. Besides, very little progress has been observed for transgenic development. However, high throughput biotechnological tools like chromosome engineering, RNA interference (RNAi), marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS), genome-wide selection (GWS), targeted gene replacement, next generation sequencing (NGS), and nanobiotechnology can provide a rapid way for okra improvement. Further, the etiology of many deadly viral diseases like the yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) and okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCV) in okra is broadly indistinct and has been shown to be caused by various begomovirus species. These diseases cause systemic infections and have a very effective mode of transmission; thus, preventing their spread has been very complicated. Biotechnological interventions have the potential to enhance okra production even under different viral-stress conditions. In this background, this review deals with the biotechnological advancements in okra per se along with the begomoviruses infecting okra, and special emphasis has been laid on the exploitation of advanced genomic tools for the development of resistant varieties.

Highlights

This review summarizes the current status of both, biotechnological developments and begomovirus management in okra across the world, and its future improvement strategies
Recombination has played a significant role in the evolution of geminiviruses (Seal et al, 2006) including the origin of Okra enation leaf curl Virus (OELCuV); as the sequences making up OELCuV have originated from other malvaceous begomoviruses; cotton leaf curl Bangaluru virus (CLCuBaV), mesta yellow vein mosaic virus (MeYVMV), and Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (BYVMV) (Venkataravanappa et al, 2015a)
More than 99% of the worldwide okra cultivation has been localized in the developing countries of Asia and Africa

Summary

Introduction

Transcriptome analysis has emerged as a powerful tool to obtain gene sequences and develop molecular markers, especially in less researched species or non-model crops including okra (Strickler et al, 2012; Bosamia et al, 2015). A bipartite begomoviruses, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), and a bipartite species closely related it having bhendi yellow vein Delhi virus (BYVDeV), were isolated from okra (Venkataravanappa et al, 2012a). Various evidence suggested that bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (BYVMV) has adapted co-infection either with BYVB or with the DNA-B-like sequence of ToLCNDV (Venkataravanappa et al, 2015b).

Results

Conclusion