Abstract
Esterification of starch was carried out to expand the usefulness of starch for a myriad of industrial applications. Lipase B from Candida antarctica, immobilized on macroporous acrylic resin (Novozym 435), was used for starch esterification in two reaction systems: micro-solvent system and solvent-free system. The esterification of corn starch with palmitic acid in the solvent-free system and micro-solvent system gave a degree of substitution (DS) of 1.04 and 0.0072 respectively. Esterification of corn starch with palmitic acid was confirmed by UV spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. The results of emulsifying property analysis showed that the starch palmitate with higher DS contributes to the higher emulsifying property (67.6%) and emulsion stability (79.6%) than the native starch (5.3% and 3.9%). Modified starch obtained by esterification that possesses emulsifying properties and has long chain fatty acids, like palmitic acid, has been widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications industries.
Highlights
Starch is an abundant renewable polysaccharide in nature that is inexpensive, fully biodegradable and widely used in the production of both food and industrial products [1,2]
Almost no ester peak could be detected in the IR spectrum when using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or the mixture of DMSO and dimethyl formamide (DMF) for esterification of starch with palmitic acid
The esterification of pretreatment starch with palmitic acid could not be realized under the same conditions regardless of what kind of solvent was used as co-solvent
Summary
Starch is an abundant renewable polysaccharide in nature that is inexpensive, fully biodegradable and widely used in the production of both food and industrial products [1,2]. Many reports exist in literature pertaining to the preparation of starch esters or its components with the ultimate aim of significantly modifying the physical-chemical properties of starches and imparting suitable mechanical characteristics so as to render them more useful as engineering materials than native starch [3,4]. The introduction of an ester group into starch is an important chemical modification task [5], it is very difficult to synthesize high substituted starch derivatives, mainly because of the almost impossible proposition of dissolving granular starch in a suitable medium [6,7]. A number of groups have recently reported the use of organic solvents for esterification of starch [8]. Some authors [10,11,12,13,14] have reported the preparation of a high degree of starch esters in the presence of organic solvents
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