Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticle (AgNP) From Pandanus odorifer Leaf Extract Exhibits Anti-metastasis and Anti-biofilm Potentials.

Afzal Hussain,Gouse M Shaik,Meraj A Khan,Syed A Pervez,Iftekhar Hassan,Samira Amir,Rais A Khan,Fohad M Husain,Faheem Ahmed,Mohamed F Alajmi,Mohd S Khan,Md Tabish Rehman

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00008

Abstract

Cancer and the associated secondary bacterial infections are leading cause of mortality, due to the paucity of effective drugs. Here, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from organic resource and confirmed their anti-cancer and anti-microbial potentials. Microwave irradiation method was employed to synthesize AgNPs using Pandanus odorifer leaf extract. Anti-cancer potential of AgNPs was evaluated by scratch assay on the monolayer of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells, indicating that the synthesized AgNPs inhibit the migration of RBL cells. The synthesized AgNPs showed MIC value of 4–16 μg/mL against both Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacterial strains, exhibiting the anti-microbial potential. Biofilm inhibition was recorded at sub-MIC values against Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacterial strains. Violacein and alginate productions were reduced by 89.6 and 75.6%, respectively at 4 and 8 μg/mL of AgNPs, suggesting anti-quorum sensing activity. Exopolysaccharide production was decreased by 61–79 and 84% for Gram -ve and Gram +ve pathogens respectively. Flagellar driven swarming mobility was also reduced significantly. Furthermore, In vivo study confirmed their tolerability in mice, indicating their clinical perspective. Collective, we claim that the synthesized AgNPs have anti-metastasis as well as anti-microbial activities. Hence, this can be further tested for therapeutic options to treat cancer and secondary bacterial infections.

Highlights

Cancer is one of the leading causes of global mortality due to its poor diagnosis in early stages, undefined specificity and severe side effects associated with existing chemotherapeutic drugs (Siegel et al, 2017)
Keeping in mind that plant leaves are a rich source of flavonoids and phenolic components which can trigger the reduction of AgNO3 and control the size of synthesized AgNPs
The OD based quantification data showed the presence of phenolic (0.105% wt/wt) and flavonoids (0.036% wt/wt) in the aqueous leaf extract of P. odorifer

Summary

Introduction

Cancer is one of the leading causes of global mortality due to its poor diagnosis in early stages, undefined specificity and severe side effects associated with existing chemotherapeutic drugs (Siegel et al, 2017). The immune system of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy is often compromised Such patients are prone to secondary infection by different pathogens. A novel focus of research evolved for the design, synthesis and characterization of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) to treat and target many disease conditions including cancer and secondary associated infections (Oves et al, 2018). Researchers focus is to develop nanoparticles of displaying multiple functions, such as the selective killing of cancer cells, bactericidal and antibiofilm activity. The inclusion of these properties in a single nanoparticle will play potential role for the treatment of cancer and associated secondary infections

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