Abstract
Abstract This chapter looks at the thyroid, which produces thyroid hormone, the common name for prohormone thyroxine (T4) and the bioactive hormone 3,3ʹ,5-triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid hormone biosynthesis takes place in thyroid follicular cells. The bioavailability of thyroid hormone in target tissues depends to a large extent on the supply of plasma T4 and T3, the activity of plasma membrane transporters mediating the cellular uptake and/or efflux of these hormones, as well as the activity of deiodinases and other enzymes catalysing their activation or inactivation. The actions of thyroid hormone are mediated by binding of T3 to the nuclear thyroid hormone (or T3) receptors (TRs).
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