Abstract
BackgroundGreen synthesis is an ecological technique for the production of well characterized metallic nanoparticles using plants. This study investigated the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a Caesalpinia ferrea seed extract as a reducing agent.MethodsThe formation of AgNPs was identified by instrumental analysis, including ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the AgNPs, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of rhodamine-6G (R6G). We studied the physicochemical characterization of AgNPs, evaluated them as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans, Candida kruzei, Candida glabrata and Candida guilliermondii, and estimated their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values. Lastly, this study evaluated the cytotoxicity of the AgNPs in murine L929 fibroblasts cells using an MTT assay.ResultsThe UV–Vis spectroscopy, SERS, SEM and XRD results confirmed the rapid formation of spheroidal 30–50 nm AgNPs. The MIC and MFC values indicated the antifungal potential of AgNPs against most of the fungi studied and high cell viability in murine L929 fibroblasts. In addition, this study demonstrated that C. ferrea seed extracts may be used for the green synthesis of AgNPs at room temperature for the treatment of candidiasis.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance is a phenomenon of infectious microbial flora that aids them in resisting antimicrobial agents to which they were previously sensitive (Lakum, Shah & Chikhalia, 2014)
The results show that this process allows for the rapid synthesis of AgNPs from the C. ferrea seed extract, which acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent for silver ions
AgNPs can be synthesized in minutes and up to 24 h in the presence of ammonia, which favors the formation of a soluble silver complex (Chandran et al, 2006; Stephen & Seethalakshmi, 2013)
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance is a phenomenon of infectious microbial flora that aids them in resisting antimicrobial agents to which they were previously sensitive (Lakum, Shah & Chikhalia, 2014). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most vital nanomaterials among several metallic nanoparticles that are involved in biomedical applications (Wei et al, 2015; Zhang et al, 2016) They show antimicrobial activity making them applicable to different areas of medicine with the potential to combat the proliferation of microorganisms and yeasts (Duran et al, 2010; Iravani, 2011; Vasquez-Munoz, Avalos-Borja & Castro-Longoria, 2014; Jacometo et al, 2015; Szweda et al, 2015; Das et al, 2016). Plant species have been used for biosynthesis of nanoparticles to preserve the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs, reducing its toxic effects on human cell lines, and increasing its practical application without impacting on the environment (Duran et al, 2010; Iravani, 2011). The impact of green-fabricated AgNPs on Candida spp. and cell viability in murine L929 fibroblast cells was assessed
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