Abstract
Nanotechnology is one of the most important technologies that enter into multiple fields, as it depends on the synthesis of particles with nano scale called nanoparticles (NPs). Biosynthesis of nanoparticles can be done using plants or microorganisms; however, synthesis of NPs using microorganisms is economical and an ecofriendly method. This review article provides highlights on the latest studies on using diverse microorganisms such as; bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi and algae for the biosynthesis of some metal nanoparticles including; silver, gold, palladium, selenium, magnesium, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide.. etc, under simple manufacturing conditions and within a short period that ranges from a few minutes to several days. The resulting NPs mostly show anti-fungal potential towards several fungal species that cause important human diseases mainly; Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Moreover, NPs has antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which recently become less affected by several antibiotics like penicillin and methicillin. This review will help the researchers who work in biosynthesis of NPs and in the nano-medical application fields.
Highlights
The word "nano" is derived from the Greek word "nanos" which means "dwarf", and nanometer represents a part of a billion, and the nanometer is equivalent to 10-9 meters
A study conducted by Rao and Gan, (2015) highlighted that nanotechnology is one of the most important technologies that enters into multiple fields, it depends on the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs), as these particles have properties different from the minerals from which they are formed
Imaging of NPs using both of Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and TEM showed that FeNPs was spherical in shape with an average size ranging between 25± 3.94 nm for T. asperellum, 30.56± 8.68 nm for F. incarnatum, and 13.13± 4.32 nm for Phialemoniopsis ocularis
Summary
The word "nano" is derived from the Greek word "nanos" which means "dwarf", and nanometer represents a part of a billion, and the nanometer (nm) is equivalent to 10-9 meters. 2021 an interest has increased on the production of metallic nano-materials, due to their various uses in several fields such as; biomedical, agricultural, environmental and industrial fields (Singh et al, 2016). A recent study conducted by Irshad et al, (2020) reported that the physical and chemical methods used in the manufacture of NPs are disputed because they take longer time, use harmful and hazardous solvents that may be difficult to dispose of; their effects remain in the environment, in addition to their need for high energy sources. The use of microorganisms in biological methods is the commonly used source, which is highly effective for nano-synthesis (Hari, 2020). The objectives of this study were to deal with the latest researches in the field of biosynthesis of NPs using microorganisms, and highlight its applications in the medical field
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