Abstract
Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) are valuable compounds that are widely used in medical, cosmetic and food fields. Production of ω-HFAs via bioconversion by engineered Escherichia coli has received a lot of attention because this process is environmentally friendly. In this study, a whole-cell bio-catalysis strategy was established to synthesize medium-chain ω-HFAs based on the AlkBGT hydroxylation system from Pseudomonas putida GPo1. The effects of blocking the β-oxidation of fatty acids (FAs) and enhancing the transportation of FAs on ω-HFAs bio-production were also investigated. When fadE and fadD were deleted, the consumption of decanoic acid decreased, and the yield of ω-hydroxydecanoic acid was enhanced remarkably. Additionally, the co-expression of the FA transporter protein, FadL, played an important role in increasing the conversion rate of ω-hydroxydecanoic acid. As a result, the concentration and yield of ω-hydroxydecanoic acid in NH03(pBGT-fadL) increased to 309 mg/L and 0.86 mol/mol, respectively. This whole-cell bio-catalysis system was further applied to the biosynthesis of ω-hydroxyoctanoic acid and ω-hydroxydodecanoic acid using octanoic acid and dodecanoic acid as substrates, respectively. The concentrations of ω-hydroxyoctanoic acid and ω-hydroxydodecanoic acid reached 275.48 and 249.03 mg/L, with yields of 0.63 and 0.56 mol/mol, respectively. This study demonstrated that the overexpression of AlkBGT coupled with native FadL is an efficient strategy to synthesize medium-chain ω-HFAs from medium-chain FAs in fadE and fadD mutant E. coli strains.
Highlights
Production of bio-based chemicals has received a lot of attention due to concerns around limited non-renewable fossil fuels and the global environment
Ribosomal interactions with mRNA control translation initiation and the translation rate of proteins (Borujeni et al, 2014). In this experiment, the AlkBGT encoded by the alkB, alkG, and alkT genes from P. putida GPo1 was cloned with optimized Ribosome binding sites (RBS) into vector pTrc99a to generate the ω-Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) biosynthetic pathway (Figure 1)
Sodium fatty acids, fatty acids dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and fatty acids dissolved in DMSO containing 10% Triton X-100, were tested
Summary
Production of bio-based chemicals has received a lot of attention due to concerns around limited non-renewable fossil fuels and the global environment. FAs are renewable industrial chemical feedstocks, and some artificial microbial pathways have been established to synthesize. Biosynthesis of Medium-Chain ω-Hydroxy Fatty Acids high-value chemicals based on FA utilization. These reactions in the microbial pathways are mainly related to doublebond generation, double-bond oxidation, double-bond cleavage, epoxidation and functionalization of C-H bonds in alkyl chains (Biermann et al, 2011). Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), one kind of FA derivative, are the direct products of FA hydroxylation via C-H bond oxygenation. Ω-Hydroxydodecanoic acid has the potential to enable commercially relevant production of C12 α, ω-DCA, a valuable precursor of nylon-6,12 (Sugiharto et al, 2018) Ω-HFAs are the ideal building blocks of green synthetic fibers for polymer materials due to the location of hydroxyl groups on the terminus of long carbon chains, which provide superior material properties (Weng and Wu, 2008; Cao and Zhang, 2013). ωHydroxydecanoic acid can be further derivatized to sebacic acid, which is an important precursor in the production of nylon and polyamides (PAs), primarily 4,10-PA and 5,10-PA (Bowen et al, 2016). ω-Hydroxydodecanoic acid has the potential to enable commercially relevant production of C12 α, ω-DCA, a valuable precursor of nylon-6,12 (Sugiharto et al, 2018)
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