Biosynthesis of magnesium hydroxide nanomaterials using Monodora myristica, antioxidative activities and effect on disrupted glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat

Abstract

The anti-diabetic potentials of biosynthesized magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles using Monodora myristica (Mg(OH)2NP-Mm) seed extract was studied. Bioactive phytochemical constituents of M. myristica seeds were screened prior to synthesis. Characterization using UV, FTIR, SEM, TEM and EDX was carried out as well as in vitro antioxidant activities of the synthesized Mg(OH)2NP-Mm. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats (150–250 g) were randomly grouped into 8 groups of 6 rats and diabetes induced with a low dose streptozotocin (ip, 55 mg/kg bw). Diabetic animals were administered 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg bw Mg(OH)2NP-Mm for 21 days with Mg(OH)2NP-STD (150 mg/kg bw) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg bw) as control groups. However, characterization of Mg(OH)2NP-Mm showed light-scattering capacity (220–235 nm), functional groups (such as C–O, CC, C–H and alcoholic O–H), size (5–100 nm), a well-coordinated spherical shape and elemental composition: Mg-65.2, Si-6.42, C-28.7 and O-9.1%. Antioxidant evaluation showed total phenols (1.8 ± 0.6 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (0.05 ± 0.01 mg QE/g), total antioxidant (phosphomolybdenum reduction) (0.97 ± 0.07 mg AAE/g), FRAP (0.89 ± 0.23 mg AAE/g) OH•-scavenging ability (IC50 = 36 ± 2 μg/mL), as well as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities with IC50 of 0.17 ± 0.01 and 0.18 ± 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. Administration of Mg(OH)2NP-Mm led to a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in hematological indices, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin concentration, hepatic hexokinase activity and lactate dehydrogenase activity. These results suggested that biosynthesized Mg(OH)2NP-Mm could probably mitigate hyperglycemia by β-cell protection and restoration of glycolytic enzyme activity.