Biosynthesis of Highly Retrievable Magnetic Palladium Nanoparticles Stabilized on Bio-composite for Production of Various Biaryl Compounds and Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol

Abstract

In this study, eco-friendly palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs@Pct–CMC/Fe3O4) with magnetic recoverability, high efficiency, renewability, reusability, and high thermal stability were fabricated on pectin/carboxymethyl cellulose composite and their chemical structures were illuminated by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS mapping, ICP–OES, and TG/DTG analyses. It was found that average size of the palladium nanoparticles changed in the range of 49–85 nm, and they homogeneously dispersed on the composite. Then, catalytic performance of Pd NPs@Pct–CMC/Fe3O4 was investigated against (i) synthesis of various biaryl compounds under solvent-free media and (ii) catalytic reduction of highly toxic 4-nitrophenol using NaBH4 in aqueous medium at room temperature. The catalytic tests showed that Pd NPs@Pct–CMC/Fe3O4 is excellent catalyst for synthesis of biaryl compounds by giving high reaction yields in 7 min. Pd NPs@Pct–CMC/Fe3O4 also indicated superior catalytic performance for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol in only 100 s. More importantly, Pd NPs@Pct–CMC/Fe3O4 displayed excellent reproducibility in the synthesis of various biaryl compounds and catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol due to their magnetically separable nature. As a consequence, this study revealed that Pd NPs@Pct–CMC/Fe3O4 accelerated the fabrication of biaryls and the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol.