Biosynthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Rosa canina fruit extract as a recyclable and heterogeneous nanocatalyst for C-N Ullmann coupling reactions

Abstract

In a biological process where the Rosa canina fruit’s aqueous extract was applied as a capping and reducing agent, nanoparticles (NPs) of copper oxide (CuO) were synthesized. These CuO NPs were classified via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible spectroscopy, and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDX). These nanoparticles were used as appropriate suitable nanocatalyst for indole N-arylation, aniline and benzyl amine via Ullmann-type C-N coupling reactions. Enough to N-arylated products outstanding quantities were synthesized and the nanocatalyst was reusable and retrievable several (6) times without considerable decrease in catalytic efficiency.