Biosynthesis of Ag 3 PO 4 nanoparticles in the absence of phosphate source using a phosphorus mineralising bacterium

Abstract

Silver phosphate nanoparticles were biologically synthesised, for the first time, using a dilute silver nitrate solution as the silver ion supplier, and without any source of phosphate ion. The applied bacterium was Sporosarcina pasteurii formerly known as Bacillus pasteurii which is capable of solubilising phosphate from soils. It was speculated that the microbe accumulated phosphate from the organic source during the growth period, and then released it to deionised water. According to the transmission electron microscopy images and X-ray diffraction results, the produced nanoparticles were around 20 nm in size and identified as silver phosphate nanocrystals. The outcomes were also approved by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Finally, the antibacterial effect of the obtained nanoparticles was verified by testing them against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. The activity of silver phosphate nanoparticles against gram-negative strains was better than the gram positives. It should be mentioned that the concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg/l were found to be strongly inhibitory for all of the strains.