Abstract
The development of environmentally benign procedures for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) is a vital aspect in bionanotechnology applications for health care and the environment. This study describes the biosynthesis of Ag, Co, Ni, and Zn NPs by employing nanobiofactory Proteus mirabilis strain 10B. The physicochemical characterization UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique including ζ potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) confirmed the formation of pure, stable monodisperse quasi-spherical oxide NPs of corresponding metals. The antimicrobial activity of biofabricated NPs was assessed against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, biofilm, yeast, mold, and algae via a well diffusion method. The results displayed significant antagonistic activity in comparison to their bulk and commercial antibiotics. Interestingly, the combined NPs exhibited promising synergistic biocide efficiency against examined pathogens which encourages their applications in adjuvant therapy and water/wastewater purification for controlling multiple drug-resistant microorganisms. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study reported the synthesis of semiconductor NPs by Proteus mirabilis and the biocide potency of combined NPs against a broad spectrum of pathogens not reported previously.
Highlights
Microbial pollutants are the most dreadful cause for a wide range of infectious diseases which lead to an increase in the rate of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality
In the light of the aforementioned, this study is aimed at the synthesis of Ag, Co, Ni, and Zn NPs by utilizing Proteus mirabilis strain 10B as a bacterial nanofactory in an ecofriendly approach
This study explores the biogenic synthesis of numerous metallic nanoclusters by P. mirabilis strain 10B
Summary
Microbial pollutants are the most dreadful cause for a wide range of infectious diseases which lead to an increase in the rate of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Membrane and polymers incorporated nanoparticles (NPs) which were developed for the water purification system [2], and NP-coated fabrics [5], bandages, walls, bed linen, surfaces, and medical equipment were examined as magic cure against microbial contamination [6, 7]. Antibiotics, especially bacterial drugs, induce cell death by cell wall inhibition (β-lactams), RNA synthesis (rifamycins), DNA replication (quinolones), or protein synthesis (macrolides) [8]. In this context, The US FDA has already approved some metal oxides such as ZnO as safe antimicrobial agents against bacteria, fungi, and virus [9]. Conjugation of antibiotic and metal NPs in “combination therapy” against pathogens exhibited a promising solution to stop MDR crisis [2, 10]
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