Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a growing embrace of green chemistry for nanoparticle manufacturing due to its time and energy efficiency compared to conventional methods. This research aimed to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using environmentally friendly aqueous extracts from Malva neglecta leaves and seeds as reducing and stabilizing agents. Various analytical methods, including UV–Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, XRD, TGA, EDX, and TEM, confirmed the synthesis and characterization of ZnO NPs. Their antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, while antibacterial properties were examined against S. aureus and E. coli, along with determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. FTIR spectra indicated ZnO bonding and surfactant molecule adsorption on ZnO NPs’ surface. TEM revealed spherical and hexagonal ZnO NPs with an average size of 40–50 nm. This green synthesis method with Malva neglecta extracts is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and safe, producing antibacterial nanoparticles without adverse effects.
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