Biosynthesis and characterization of curcumin loaded CdO-SiO2@chitosan nanocomposite: Multifunctional agent for enhanced drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy

Abstract

Curcumin, a potent and extensively utilized cancer chemotherapeutic agent, faces limitations due to dose-dependent cardiotoxicity as its cumulative side effect. To surmount this challenge, a novel drug delivery system based on the biosynthesis of a cadmium oxide and silicon dioxide nanocomposite (CdO-SiO2-NC) has been developed. In this research, we have successfully synthesized innovative agents designed for an efficient drug delivery system, known as CdO-SiO2@CS-CUR-NC. A comprehensive characterization of this CdO-SiO2@CS-CUR-NC included an evaluation of the composition, chemical structure and morphology. The outcomes of assays focusing on inhibiting bacterial growth demonstrated significant efficacy in curbing bacterial proliferation within the concentration range of 50–100 µg/mL. This inhibitory effect was primarily attributed to the construction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, CdO-SiO2@CS-CUR-NC displayed noteworthy anti-inflammatory properties, evident from an observed to IC50 value of 25.12 µg/mL in human red blood cells. These outcomes suggest the possibility of this nanocomposite being used as an effective anti-inflammatory agent. Additionally, investigations into its cytotoxicity revealed a dose-dependent anti-cancer impact of the CdO-SiO2-NC across a variety of human cancer cell lines. The pronounced cytotoxicity on A549 cancer cells was particularly remarkable, where the IC50 value was measured as 31.10 µg/mL. The versatility of CdO-SiO2@CS-CUR-NC, encompassing antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory as well as anticancer attributes, presents a auspicious avenue for further exploration. Particularly noteworthy is the potential application of CdO-SiO2@CS-CUR-NC as a novel anticancer agent in the field of lung cancer treatment. This research not only contributes to our comprehension of nanoscale interventions but also propels the potential roles of nanotechnology within the realm of pharmaceuticals.