Abstract
Purpose: Biosurfactants are applied in drug formulations to improve drug solubility and in some cases, treat diseases. This study is focused on generating, extracting, purifying and then characterizing biosurfactants from bacterial isolates of palm oil wastes and abattoir soil origins.Methods: Eight bacteria were isolated from the soil and sludge samples, out of which four (50%) were found to produce biosurfactants. Bacillus subtilis (37.5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (50%) were isolated and identified from these samples using mineral salt medium, nutrient agar and Cetrimide agar. Mutant isolates of B. subtilis BS3 and P. aeruginosa PS2 were used to produce biosurfactants using mineral salt medium as enrichment medium and extraction was done using membrane filter.Results: The mutant strains B. subtilis BS3 and P. aeruginosa PS2 generated biosurfactants that displayed significant solubility and dissolution properties by enhancing the percentage solubility of piroxicam to 62.86 and 54.29% respectively, and achieved 51.71 and 48.71% dissolution of the drug in 0.1N HCl. Conclusion: From the results obtained, the produced biosurfactants could serve as a better alternative to conventional surfactants. Notably, the study indicated that the biosurfactant produced by mutant strain of B. subtilis produced more potent activities (surface tension reduction ability, high emulsification) than those of P. aeruginosa.
Highlights
The results showed that mutant strain of BS3 had the highest oil displacement activity and was able to spread the oil at the middle of Petri dish used by 45.66 mm, this was followed by biosurfactant produced by mutant PS2 (39.73 mm), while wild strain of PS2 had the lowest but significant oil displacement activity, spreading the vegetable oil by 23.38 mm as against 28.21 mm oil t displacement by wild strain of BS3 when measured from the centre of the used Petri dish
The u Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra obtained from the biosurfactants generated from the two mutant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PS2) and Bacillus subtilis (BS3) when compared with previous reports[56,57], show that various n secondary metabolites generated contained glycolipids and lipopeptide
The heat of fusion recorded in this d study gave a clear indication that higher thermal energy (102.03 J/g) is needed to dissolve a unit mass of pure piroxicam (PD) as compared to an equal mass of 3 ml biosurfactant-piroxicam complex te produced by PS2 (64.01 J/g) and BS3 (51.88 J/g)
Summary
Eight (8) bacteria were isolated from the soil and sludge samples, out of which four (50 %) were found to produce biosurfactants. Eco-toxicity, bioaccumulation and non-biodegradability of most petro-chemical surfactants are seriouely possing some global concerns.[4] d Biosurfactants, on the other hand, are substances produced by microorganisms and can lower the surface tensions and/or the force that exists at the point where two immiscible phases intercept. They te resemble synthetic surfactants and are amphiphilic in nature but are produced by microorganisms during metabolic processes.[5,6] They are usually safe and degraded in living tissues. The present study looks at the pharmaceutical evaluation of biosurfactants produced by mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from abattoir and palm oil-contaminated soil
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