Abstract
Marine-derived biosurfactants have gained significant attention due to their structural and functional diversity. Biosurfactant production was performed using bacteria associated with Callyspongia diffusa, a marine sponge inhabiting the southern coast of India. A total of 101 sponge-associated bacteria were isolated on different media, of which 29 isolates showed positive result for biosurfactant production. Among the 29 positive isolates, four were selected based on highest emusification activity and were identified based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. These isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis MB-7, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MB-101, Halomonas sp. MB-30 and Alcaligenes sp. MB-I9. The 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers KF493730, KJ540939, KJ414418 and KJ540940, respectively. Based on the highest oil displacement activity and effective surface tension reduction potential, the isolate B. amyloliquefaciens MB-101 was selected for further optimization and structural delineation. The production of biosurfactant by the isolate was significantly enhanced up to 6.76 g/l with optimal concentration values of 2.83 % for glycerol, 2.65 % for peptone, 20.11 mM for ferrous sulfate and 74 h of incubation by employing factorial design. The structural features of the purified biosurfactant from B. amyloliquefaciens MB-101 showed similarity with lipopeptide class of biosurfactant. In conclusion, the present study emphasizes the utilization of marine sponge-associated bacteria for the production of biosurfactant that may find various applications.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13205-014-0242-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
In recent years, explorations for effective biosurfactants have been increasing to satisfy their demand in wider industrial and environmental applications (Sachdev and Cameotra 2013)
This implies that they have developed various structural and physiological changes, which permit them to compensate the effects of the adverse conditions. Metabolites from these sponge-associated microorganisms are characterized by well-known features, such as salt tolerance, hyperthermo stability, barophilicity and adaptability to cold, all related to their habitat
An attempt was made in this study to explore the biosurfactant producing potential of marine spongeassociated bacteria
Summary
Explorations for effective biosurfactants have been increasing to satisfy their demand in wider industrial and environmental applications (Sachdev and Cameotra 2013). Biosurfactants are surface active compounds having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domain that allows them to exist preferentially at the interface between polar and non-polar media, thereby reducing surface and interface tension (Banat et al 2010). These molecules comprise complex structures which are grouped either as low (glycolipids and lipopeptides) or high (polymeric biosurfactants) molecular weight compounds (Cameotra et al 2010). Biosurfactants display important biological activities including antimicrobial, insecticidal, immune-modulative and antitumoral activities (Cao et al 2009; Liang et al 2014)
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