Abstract
The effects of biostimulation on mineralization of weathered Macondo (MC252) crude oil in moderately contaminated sand were investigated. Biodegradation was assessed in microcosm experiments containing 4000 mg kg−1 weathered Macondo oil and either amended with inorganic nutrients (NP), or organic matter in the form of either plant (Spartina alterniflora) or fish-amendments (Chloroscombrus chrysurus). Hydrocarbon mineralization occurred in all treatments, with the highest degradation rates observed in C. chrysurus supplemented sediments. The C. chrysurus addition increased the rates by 123%, while NP addition increased the degradation rates by 52% compared to oil only treatments. In contrast, the S. alterniflora addition increased the degradation rates by 25% during the course of the study. Microbial acclimation periods were observed within 48 h in all treatments. Bacterial analyses revealed the presence of Proteobacteria (Alpha-, Beta-, Gammaproteobacteria) phylum with members that were closely related to known hydrocarbon degraders.
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