Biostatistics for gastroenterologists. Part II ̶ Rethinking sample size.

Abstract

Sample size determination is a critical aspect of medical studies, influencing the reliability and generalizability of research findings. This article explores the importance of sample size in both basic and clinical research. The considerations for sample size differ based on the type of research, whether it is involving humans, animals, or cells. In basic research, a larger sample size is necessary to ensure statistical power and reliable results, enhancing the precision and generalizability of findings. In clinical research, determining an appropriate sample size is crucial for obtaining valid and clinically relevant results, ensuring sufficient statistical power to detect differences between treatment groups or validate intervention efficacy. Reporting sample size calculations accurately and complying with reporting guidelines, such as the CONSORT Statement, is essential for transparent and comprehensive research publications. Consulting a statistician is highly recommended to ensure appropriate sample size determination, enhance scientific rigor, and obtain reliable and clinically relevant findings in medical research.