Abstract
Understanding the application of statistical methods is an essential component in the process of evaluating the medical literature. Statistical methods can differ when evaluating randomized controlled clinical trials (experimental design) compared with observational study designs such as cohort or case-control. A review of common statistical concepts includes variables, measures of central tendency, and measures of dispersion. Other methods include sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. Observational study designs often include relative risk, odds ratios, relative risk reduction, attributable risk, number needed to treat, and forest plots. A critical component of drug literature evaluation is the understanding of the proper use of parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. Common parametric tests and their nonparametric equivalents are discussed.
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