Biospeckle Activity of Highbush Blueberry Fruits Infested by Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura)

Monika Janaszek-Mańkowska,Jacek Słoma,Arkadiusz Ratajski

doi:10.3390/app12020763

Monika Janaszek-Mańkowska, Jacek Słoma + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020763

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Journal: Applied Sciences	Publication Date: Jan 12, 2022
Citations: 2	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Warsaw University of Life Sciences

Abstract

In this study, the potential of the biospeckle phenomenon for detecting fruit infestation by Drosophila suzukii was examined. We tested both graphical and analytical approaches to evaluate biospeckle activity of healthy and infested fruits. As a result of testing the qualitative approach, a generalized difference method proved to be better at identifying infested areas than Fujii’s method. Biospeckle activity of healthy fruits was low and increased with infestation development. It was found that the biospeckle activity index calculated from spatial-temporal speckle correlation of THSP was the best discriminant of healthy fruits and fruits in two different stages of infestation development irrespective of window size and pixel selection strategy adopted to create the THSP. Other numerical indicators of biospeckle activity (inertia moment, absolute value of differences, average differences) distinguished only fruits in later stage of infestation. Regular values of differences turned out to be of no use in detecting infested fruits. We found that to provide a good representation of activity it was necessary to use a strategy aimed at random selection of pixels gathered around the global maximum of biospeckle activity localized on the graphical outcome. The potential of biospeckle analysis for identification of highbush blueberry fruits infested by D. suzukii was confirmed.

Highlights

The term biospeckles is often used interchangeably with dynamic speckles [1], boiling speckles [2], dynamic laser speckles or biological laser speckles [3].Biospeckles (BS) are dynamic patterns appearing as the effect of backscattering of coherent light directed at the surface of biological material
Once we found the global maxima of activity in analysed sequences we used them to establish a region of interest (ROI) with dimensions of 51 × 51 with the maximum in the centre and create time history speckle patterns (THSPs) in two different ways
Activity of healthy fruits was low and increased with infestation development, but spatial distribution of oviposition sites, which were the source of biospeckle activity, made numerical analysis difficult

Summary

Introduction

The term biospeckles (or bio-speckles) is often used interchangeably with dynamic speckles [1], boiling speckles [2], dynamic laser speckles or biological laser speckles [3].Biospeckles (BS) are dynamic patterns appearing as the effect of backscattering of coherent light directed at the surface of biological material. The quantitative approach aims to describe the biospeckle activity of the material by means of comprehensive indicators that are calculated from the temporal variability of images (frames) in a sequence Such indicators use first-order or second-order statistics, ignoring the spatial variation in speckle intensities in consecutive frames, and are often called biospeckle activity indices [14,15] or global measures [16]. The same calculation apparatus may be applied to measure the temporal changes of intensity of each pixel separately, producing a kind of activity map which presents the spatial variation of BA The former approach is recommended for homogeneous samples, while the latter is considered more appropriate for heterogeneous material wherein spatial variation in biospeckle activity is highly probable [16]

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