Abstract
Massive industrialization and urbanization of civilization during the last few decades have made a thrust in heavy metal pollution in various water bodies. In past, various kinds of conventional metal ion remediation technologies, such as cementation, osmosis, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, etc., have been practised. However, most of these technologies are quite expensive, and lead to the generation of secondary chemical sludge. However, biosorption of heavy metal ions is significantly inexpensive and an eco-friendly technology. Among the series of heavy metals, zinc has gained the significant interest due to its toxicity and easy availability in water bodies. Biosorption of zinc in liquid phase by living, nonliving, conventional and non-conventional biosorbents has been practised extensively in the past. This literature review focuses on the recent trends practised in the field of biosorption of zinc from liquid phase. The present work provides deep insight into various aspects of biosorption of zinc by different mechanisms of biosorption, bioaccumulation, isotherm, kinetic and mechanistic modeling. An exhaustive comparison among different sorts of biomasses has also been given in the present work to enlist all the milestones of biosorption.
Highlights
The rapid world industrialization had a significant impact on the natural water reservoir pollution due to enormous discharge of heavy metals in various water bodies (Rezic 2013; Mahdavi et al 2013)
According to the list of organic and inorganic pollutants prepared by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), zinc has been kept in the list of toxic metals with other 13 metals (Kumar et al 2006; Cesur and Balkaya 2007)
There was no change in pH during biosorption of zinc ion in case of pretreated biomass. These results indicated that preferential mode of biosorption was ion exchange
Summary
The rapid world industrialization had a significant impact on the natural water reservoir pollution due to enormous discharge of heavy metals in various water bodies (Rezic 2013; Mahdavi et al 2013). Iron and copper accompany the zinc in the effluent discharged from various industrial units. Zinc is essentially an important element for many growing economic sectors of the world, such as metallurgical operational units, electroplating industry, mining industry and mine drainage operations. Some specific sources of zinc pollution in natural water and reservoirs include effluents discharged from galvanization industry, wood preservative industry, rubber vulcanization plant, zinc and brass metal alloy industry, ceramics, textiles, brass plating, fertilizers, paint and pigments, and batteries industries (Abdelwaha et al 2013; Lee et al 2004; Arshad et al 2008; Baig et al 2009). The extensive mining activities in Nent Valley (UK) over two centuries for zinc had left the river water and land
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