Abstract
In this study, Turkish Sweetgum bark was used as a new biosorbent to investigate the removal of hazardous 2,4 dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from aqueous solutions in batch biosoption experiments. The effective usage of Turkish sweetgum bark is a meaningful work for environmental utilization of agricultural residues. The effects of experimental parameters like solution pH, contact time, initial concentration of adsorbate and amount of bisorbent dosage were investigated in a series of batch studies at 25 °C. Taguchi's Orthogonal Array (OA) analysis was used to find the best experimental parameters for the optimum design process in this study. The functional groups and surface properties of biosorbent were characterized by using Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm models. There is a good agreement between the parameters and this confirms the monolayer adsorption of 2,4-DCP onto sweetgum bark. As a result of kinetic studies, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be suitable for all the data. Also, the results of the study show that Turkish Sweetgum bark can be potential as a low-cost alternative commercial adsorbents for removal 2,4 dichlorophenol from aqueous solutions.
Highlights
If the low concentrations of pollutants are harmful to organism, these pollutants are considered as priority pollutants
Some physicochemical and biological methods including adsorption, extraction by chemical solvents, air stripping, freezing and crystallization, chemical oxidation, wet oxidation, advanced oxidation processes, biological degradation biosorption, coagulation, chlorination and liquid membrane permeation have been developed for the removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions.[6,7,9,10,11,12,13]
While one advantage of chemical oxidation methods is their being fast, they might result in undesirable by-products and they are expensive
Summary
One type of dangerous wastes that are produced during chemical and many other industrial and agricultural activities is phenols and phenol compounds.[1,2,3,4,5,6] If the low concentrations of pollutants are harmful to organism, these pollutants are considered as priority pollutants. Some physicochemical and biological methods including adsorption, extraction by chemical solvents, air stripping, freezing and crystallization, chemical oxidation, wet oxidation, advanced oxidation processes, biological degradation biosorption, coagulation, chlorination and liquid membrane permeation have been developed for the removal of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions.[6,7,9,10,11,12,13] Among these methods, the ones used for the concentration of the chlorinated phenols on the solid phase are adsorption and ion exchange methods but they are not for complete mineralization.
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