Abstract
In this work, the potential of natural and pretreated palm tree trunk (PTT) as agents for adsorption of an organic dye, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (2,6-DCPIP) from aqueous solutions was probed. Natural and acetic acid treated PTT were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and by the point of zero charge (pzc). The biosorption of 2,6-DCPIP was investigated in batch mode using natural and treated PTT. This study was achieved by highlighting several parameters such as the contact time, biosorbents dosage, the initial concentration of 2,6-DCPIP, the pH of the solution, the ionic strength and the interfering ions. The results showed that 2,6-DCPIP was successfully adsorbed from aqueous solutions by natural and treated PTT. The equilibrium was attained after 40 minutes for treated PTT and 20 minutes for natural PTT. The maximum capacity of adsorption was obtained at pH = 2. The adsorption isotherms were investigated and it was found that the experimental data were best described by the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm for the natural PTT (R2 = 0.979) and by the Temkin isotherm for the treated PTT (R2 = 0.976). The maximum adsorption capacities determined by Langmuir isotherm were found as 108.932 and 157.233 μmol·g–1 for natural and treated PTT, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was analyzed and was best described by the pseudo-second order model (R2 ≥ 0.998). The diffusion mechanism was studied and the result showed that external mass transfer is the main rate controlling step. The desorption of 2,6-DCPIP is favorable in alkaline medium.
Highlights
Dyes are synthetic aromatic water-soluble dispersible organic colorants, having potential applications in various industries
This study was achieved by highlighting several parameters such as the contact time, biosorbents dosage, the initial concentration of 2,6-DCPIP, the pH of the solution, the ionic strength and the interfering ions
The results showed that 2,6-DCPIP was successfully adsorbed from aqueous solutions by natural and treated palm tree trunk (PTT)
Summary
Dyes are synthetic aromatic water-soluble dispersible organic colorants, having potential applications in various industries. The commonly used procedures for removing organic dyes from aqueous solution include flocculation, electroflotation, chemical precipitation, electrokinetic coagulation, ion exchange, membrane filtration, electrochemical destruction, irradiation, ozonation and microbial biodegradation [1] [8] [9] These methods are ineffective, non-economical and have many disadvantages such as high reagent and energy requirements, generation of toxic sludge or other waste products that require disposal or treatment [5]. Examples are: rice husk, tea leaves, orange peel, corncobs, coconut husk, barley husks, peanut hull, coir pith, wheat bran, eggshell, cocoa shell [2], hazelnut shells [13], olive stone [14], sugarcane bagasse [15] and wood sawdust [16] All of these are excellent for organic dyes removal.
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