Biosolubilization Lignite Coal in Different Dose of Gamma Irradiation by Marasmius Sp. With Liquid Fermentation

Abstract

Coal biosolubilization was the process of converting solid coal into liquid phase using microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi into products like gasoline and diesel fuel. The aim of this research was to find the best dose of gamma irradiation (as pretreatment) to solubilize lignite and determine characteristics of coal product as the results from biosolubilization by Marasmius sp. which could be used as alternative energy. Procedure of this research was prepare lignite coal powder, then the coal was irradiated with gamma rays at doses 0 kGy, 10 kGy, 20 kGy and 30 kGy, prepare inoculation of Marasmius sp. to Minimal Salt Sucrose (MSS) Medium in each of the coal that has been irradiated. Mycelial colonization was observed, measured of pH and enzyme activity, products biosolubilization supernatant were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at λ 250nm and λ 450nm and GCMS. The result was show that Marasmius sp. grew in a medium containing coal with different levels of gamma irradiation. Medium pH was decreased after weeks of 0, 1 and 2 incubations at pH ranges from (min) 3.12 to 4.6 (max). The Colonization mycelia of Marasmius sp. grew at week 1 and 2 incubations that were characterized by growth of mycelia and spores. The enzyme activity was increased in week 2 of incubation with FDA value that’s hydrolyzed µg/mL/week with value 232.02 dose of 20 kGy; 155.53 dose of 30 kGy; 96.39 dose of 10 kGy; and 46.63 0 kGy dose. Result of biosolubilization base on absorbance of supernatant, coal irradiation on λ250 nm and λ450 nm were increase in week 2 of incubation with the absorbance value 0.427 at λ250 nm a dose of 20 kGy and 1.504 at λ450 nm a dose of 20 kGy. Result of GCMS analysis showing there were difference between the products of biosolubilization lignite which were irradiated at different doses. 0 kGy dose was resulted 20 compounds derived hydrocarbon fuel equivalent (9.84% gasoline and 42.92% diesel fuel). Dose of 10 kGy produced 40 compounds (6.77% gasoline and 70.47% diesel fuel). Dose of 20 kGy produced 42 compounds (18.46% gasoline and 68.64% diesel fuel). Dose of 30 kGy produced 41 compounds (15.99% gasoline and 70.49% diesel fuel). Results of biosolubilization product that was equivalent to the components of diesel fuel produced well at a dose of 30 kGy week 3 of incubation, whereas equivalent gasoline at a dose of 20 kGy week 2.