Biosensors: The nanomaterial-based method in detection of human gut microbiota

Abstract

The gut microbiota has emerged as an important aspect of clinical oncology. The role of microbiota in cancer goes beyond the risks and causes of cancer. Microbiotas are currently known to act at the local epithelial level of the intestine and alter the immune response of intestinal and extra-intestinal tumors. As probiotics are increasingly used in functional foods and pharmaceuticals, rapid and sensitive monitoring of probiotics is important for quality, purity, and safety management. Due to the weaknesses and limitations of routine microbiological techniques, developing advanced state-of-the-art methods is one of the main goals of researchers. One of the most critical and progressive areas is the nanomaterial-based method. Biosensors are one of the most advanced methods based on nanomaterials. While biosensing technology for the human gut flora has the potential to transform the clinical diagnosis, point-of-care (POC) biosensors that directly detect microbial community disruptions are not currently available in clinical practice. This review study aimed to explore the potential of biosensors in identifying the human gut flora to achieve the best techniques for the first time.