Abstract
Due to the large amounts of pesticides commonly used and their impact on health, prompt and accurate pesticide analysis is important. This review gives an overview of recent advances and new trends in biosensors for pesticide detection. Optical, electrochemical and piezoelectric biosensors have been reported based on the detection method. In this review biosensors have been classified according to the immobilized biorecognition element: enzymes, cells, antibodies and, more rarely, DNA. The use of tailor-designed biomolecules, such as aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers, is reviewed. Artificial Neural Networks, that allow the analysis of pesticide mixtures are also presented. Recent advances in the field of nanomaterials merit special mention. The incorporation of nanomaterials provides highly sensitive sensing devices allowing the efficient detection of pesticides.
Highlights
In agriculture, farmers use numerous pesticides to protect crops and seeds before and after harvesting
An impedimetric immunosensor for atrazine detection was developed by immobilizing anti-atrazine antibody modified with histidine-tag onto a polypyrrole (PPy) film N-substituted by nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) electrogenerated on a gold electrode [93]
Biosensors are good candidates for the environmental monitoring. They exploit the remarkable specificity of recognition elements to design efficient analytical tools that can detect the presence of pesticides in complex samples
Summary
Farmers use numerous pesticides to protect crops and seeds before and after harvesting. Chromatographic methods coupled to selective detectors have been traditionally used for pesticide analysis due to their sensitivity, reliability and efficiency. They are time-consuming and laborious, and require expensive equipments and highly-trained technicians. Electrochemical transducers have been widely used in biosensors for pesticides detection due to their high sensitivity [1,2,3]. Their low cost, simple design and small size, make them excellent candidates for the development of portable biosensors [4,5,6,7,8]. Properties of nanomaterials show nanoparticles and nanotubes as promising tools to improve the efficiency of biosensors for the detection of pesticides
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