Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of cereals used for feed can cause intoxication, especially in farm animals; therefore, efficient analytical tools for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of toxic fungal metabolites in feed are required. Current trends in food/feed analysis are focusing on the application of biosensor technologies that offer fast and highly selective and sensitive detection with minimal sample treatment and reagents required. The article presents an overview of the recent progress of the development of biosensors for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone determination in cereals and feed. Novel biosensitive materials and highly sensitive detection methods applied for the sensors and the application of these sensors to food/feed products, the limit, and the time of detection are discussed.
Highlights
Mycotoxin contamination is one of the most important problems in food and feed safety
Among Fusarium mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON), as well as their metabolites 3- and 15-acetyl-DON, α, and β-zearalenol, are of special importance as they are formed under field conditions prior to harvest, being highly stable during storage and difficult to degrade by thermal processing [4,5,6]
This paper aims to provide an overview of recent advances and current trends in biosensor development for ZON and
Summary
Mycotoxin contamination is one of the most important problems in food and feed safety. The guidance levels for ZON is 100–500 μg/kg in complementary and complete feeding-stuffs and 2–3 mg/kg for feed material, and for DON, it is 900 μg/kg in complementary and complete feeding-stuffs, 8 mg/kg in cereals and cereal products, and 12 mg/kg in maize by-products [11] Used techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) hyphenated with different detectors [12,13,14], liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LCMS) [15], liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [16,17,18], and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) [19,20], for mycotoxin determination in food and feed have been powerful tools, as they provide proper sensitivity and accuracy in quantitative determination, but they are time-consuming, laborious, expensive, and require advanced instrumentation and trained staff [21]. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent advances and current trends in biosensor development for ZON and DON determination
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