Abstract
The manner in which the steady flow of a low viscous fluid (representing blood) divides at a junction (where a straight single branch leaves the straight parent trunk) is numerically investigated by adopting conformal mapping techniques in terms of the significant dimensionless parameters: the entrance flow rate index p, the branch diameter ratio β, and the angle of branching α. The ratio of the flow rate in the side branch to the flow rate in the main branch, γ, is found to increase with a reduction in the flow index p and with an increase in β. The problem is analyzed by a numerical approach and a visualization technique is employed to establish the existence of two interdependent separation regions, one in each branch. The location of the occurrence of separation and the size of the separated regions are found to be dependent on the value of γ. The study depicts the formation, growth, and shedding of vortices in the separated region of the main branch and the double-helicoidal flow in the side branch.
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