Bioresidual and integrated pest management status of a biorational agent and a novel insecticide against whitefly and its key parasitoids

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The effects of continuous exposure of the adult and crawler stages of the whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and adult of the parasitoids Encarsia formosa and Eretmocerus eremicus to spray deposits of potassium salts of a fatty acid and diafenthiuron applied at recommended rates were evaluated. French bean, Phaseolus vulgaris Prince, plants were sprayed and the adults confined on them using modified 5 cm Petri dishes. Fresh (4 - 5-h-old) deposits of fatty acids resulted in a 10.7% mortality rate of whitefly adults and 8.0 and 10.7% mortality rates of E. formosa and E. eremicus adults respectively, while fresh deposits of diafenthiuron resulted in a 62.7% mortality rate of whitefly adults and 12.0 and 14.7% mortality rates of E. formosa and E. eremicus respectively. The mortality rate (6.9 and 69.7%) of whitefly crawlers was recorded when exposed to 24-h-old deposits of fatty acids and diafenthiuron respectively. The mortality rate declined as the deposits aged. Adult parasitoid emergence from the treated pupae was unaffected. Spray deposits of diafenthiuron were effective against whitefly for up to 2-3 weeks in comparison with fatty acids, which were effective only when sprayed. Both products were harmless to adults as well as pupae of both parasitoids irrespective of the exposure period (age of deposits) tested (IOBC Class 1). These insecticides can be included in integrated pest management strategies against whitefly with the fatty acids used on horticultural crops.