Biorepress of fumonisin B1 production and their phytotoxicity on growth and ultrastructures of Maize (Zea mays) Seedlings

Al Abboud A

doi:10.21608/eajbsg.2012.16655

Abstract

The results clearly indicated that the seed germinibility in the presence of FB1 was decreased with increasing their concentration, whereas the germinibility was uncompletely ceased at high concentrations, a slight initial lag in germination observed at lowest concentration 28.57 µg /ml and highest concentration 64.11 µg /ml, respectively compared with the control. At concentration of FB1 (28.57 µg /ml), elongation of the hypocotyls and epicotyls in seedlings slightly inhibited compared with the control. Chlorophyll a and b content of seedlings of Zea mays decreased with increasing concentrations of Fumonisin B1. Chlorophyll a content was 6.23, 3.88 and 3.91 (mg/ g fresh weight) at concentrations 28.57, 40.54 and 64.11 (µg /ml) of Fumonisin B1 compared with the control 8.55 mg/ g fresh weight. The ultrastructural studies indicate that there were dramatic differences between the treated and untreated tissues of Zea mays seedlings with the toxin FB1. The treated cells with FB1 are highly vacuolated compared with the untreated cells. Thin layer of external epidermis was observed in untreated cells while thick layer of external epidermis in treated cells was appeared. Sacchaaromyces cerevisiae reduced FB1 to 40.54 (µg /ml) compared with control 64.11(µg /ml) .On the other hand Trichoderma harizianum was more efficient in FB1 productivity where productivity was reduced to 28.57 (µg /ml) with 44.56 %.

Highlights

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a cereal crop grown throughout the word
This work was aimed to study the phytotoxicity of Fumonisin B1 (FB1) on growth and ultrastructures of Zea mays seedlings
In the present study the Z. mays grains were treated with FB1 produced by F. moniliforme (Fig.1) at different concentrations .The results clearly indicated that the seed germinibility in the presence of FB1 was decreased with increasing concentrations whereas the germinibility was uncompletely ceased at high concentrations

Summary

Introduction

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a cereal crop grown throughout the word. Maize plays an important role in the diet of millions of people due to its high yields per hectare, its ease of cultivation and adaptability to different agro-ecological zones, versatile food uses and storage characteristics (Asiedu, 1989). Kossou and Aho (1993) reported that fungi could cause about 50-80 % of damage on farmer’s maize during the storage period if conditions are favorable for their development. Kossou and Aho (1993) reported that fungi could cause about 50-80 % of damage on farmer’s maize during the storage period if conditions are favorable for their development. Fumonisins are mycotoxins which are a structurally related group of longcarbon chain compounds (Munkvold and Desjardins 1997). Fumonisin analogues have been identified and classified into fumonisin A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, and B4 based on their chemical structure. Fumonisins are produced mainly by Fusarium moniliforme (= F. verticillioides), F. proliferatum, and several other Fusarium species. FB1 has been reported to be phytotoxic to various weeds and crop cultivars (Abbas and Boyette 1992). Fumonisins can contaminate maize foods and feeds as a result of the Fusarium invasion before and after harvest (Doko et al, 1995). Fusarium species are widespread throughout the world and produce phytotoxins such as the fumonisins, Al Abboud M.

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