Abstract
Bioremediation is a technique to enhance natural biological processes to rectify polluted groundwater, soil, and even entire habitats. Bioremediation techniques use biological agents to act upon hazardous, toxic materials and subsequently convert them into less toxic substances. Microbes are organisms ubiquitously present in the biosphere. These microorganisms are the main agents that remediate toxic and polluted environmental conditions. Highly polluted areas can be rectified using proper bioremediation procedures and interventions. In this review we have studied the different bioremediation techniques which can be utilized to correct the harmful effects of environmental pollution. In this study we have also emphasized on the benefits of adopting bioremediation as an efficient alternative technique in comparison to the traditional physical and chemical methods to restore the healthy environmental conditions.
Highlights
Environmental pollution – the problemPollution is the harmful environmental alteration, entirely or partially due to anthropogenic activities, through changes in the chemical and physical constitution of the material environment, and its negative effect on living beings.Environmental pollution has long term deleterious effects on developed and developing countries alike
Bioremediation amplifies the process of the natural microbial biodegradation by the addition of nutrients to the microorganisms or by supplementing an external microbial culture that speedens up the degradation rate (Mackay & Fraser, 2000)
Extensive study and research needs to be undertaken to generate an optimum condition which facilitates the best interaction between microbes and the pollutants so that the hazardous and toxic pollutant can be successfully detoxified to restore the environmental quality as desired
Summary
Pollution is the harmful environmental alteration, entirely or partially due to anthropogenic activities, through changes in the chemical and physical constitution of the material environment, and its negative effect on living beings. Innumerable point and non-point sources of pollution were proved to be A pollutant is the substance that causes pollution by toxic chemical, geochemical substances, biological agents or physical substances like different varieties of harmful radiations, that when build up in the environment, results in adverse effects. Such undesirable effects may be evidenced by its effect on the natural resources or climate change (Rai & Chutia, 2016)
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