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Abstract
The accumulation of toxic chemical constituents in sludge and wastewater has fuelled an interest in investigating efficient and eco-friendly wastewater remediation approaches. In this study, a set of bacterial samples were isolated from petroleum sludge and tested for their ability to degrade different aromatic pollutants, including azo dyes and emerging pollutants. Although exhibiting differential specificity, all bacterial isolates were able to degrade different classes of aromatic dyes efficiently. Ribosomal 16S rRNA sequencing of the 12 bacterial isolates showed that they belonged to two different bacterial genera: Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas guariconensis. Of these 12 strains, MA1 (B. cereus) was the most promising and was chosen for further optimization and biochemical studies. The optimum culture and remediation conditions for MA1 was found to be at pH 7, with 100 ppm dye concentration, and under aerobic condition. In addition to efficiently degrading various aromatic dyes (e.g. Congo Red, Reactive Black 5, PBS, and Toluidine Blue), MA1 was also found to be capable of degrading various emerging pollutants (e.g. prometryn, fluometuron and sulfamethoxazole). Preliminary transcriptome analysis shows that MA1 grown on media containing a mixture of aromatic dyes appears to differentially express a number of genes. Data shown here strongly suggests that petroleum sludge is a rich reservoir of bacteria with powerful remediation abilities.
Highlights
Emerging pollutants are naturally occurring or synthetic chemical compounds that exist in the environment and are not monitored actively
Aside from using microbial cultures to treat contaminated soil, many recent studies have shown the involvement of bacteria in degrading emerging pollutants in water bodies as well, which further support their potential as powerful bioremediation agents
Whole transcriptome analysis of this bacterial strain was carried out to examine genes that are differentially expressed when the strain is grown on aromatic dyes-rich media
Summary
Emerging pollutants are naturally occurring or synthetic chemical compounds that exist in the environment and are not monitored actively. A growing number of reports show that water bodies in many parts of the world can be contaminated with textile dyes and other emerging pollutants (Gita et al ; Rasheed et al ). These compounds have the potential to cause adverse environmental or human health effects and their removal and degradation is considered a top environmental priority (Rasheed et al ). Aside from using microbial cultures to treat contaminated soil, many recent studies have shown the involvement of bacteria in degrading emerging pollutants in water bodies as well, which further support their potential as powerful bioremediation agents. Whole transcriptome analysis of this bacterial strain was carried out to examine genes that are differentially expressed when the strain is grown on aromatic dyes-rich media
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