Bioremediation of Textile Dyes: Appraisal of Conventional and Biological Approaches

Abstract

The world is facing numerous environmental changes and challenges, which include generation of huge amounts of wastewater owing to several man-made activities. Use of man-made dyes has increased in the clothing and textile industries because of their bright colors and cost effectiveness in manufacturing. On the other hand, the use of natural dyes is not cost effective, and their preparation is a cumbersome process. Therefore, people are using synthetic colors and textile dye industries are producing huge volumes of wastewater, creating aquatic pollution all over the globe. Man-made dyes or imitation dyes are broadly employed in plastic toys, textile staining, printing of paper, food, various plastic wares, dye cinematography, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other important industries. During the process of fabric dyeing, a huge quantity of colored wastewater is generated as polluted effluent.