Biorefineries development from agricultural byproducts: Value addition and circular bioeconomy

Abstract

The increase in the human population in the world, industrialization, and rapid urbanization creates a big challenge for the agricultural revolution. Hence, to enhance the crop's productivity modern agricultural technology, hybrid seeds; management of full irrigation facilities, and the use of various fertilizers, and pesticides are being adopted. Though such advanced techniques enhance productivity, they also produce a huge amount of agro-waste. The proper waste management of such wastes is a headache for the farmers due to the lack of dumping lands, proper transportation, removal facilities, and lack of planned utilization. Since direct burning of the wastes do air, water, and soil pollution, a systematic utilization of these cheap wastes for the development of value-added products and chemicals will promote a clean and healthy environment for the biotic and abiotic components. A proper, efficient, and effective treatment system can break down waste biomass into simple forms and can be easily consumed by our natural and engineered microbial systems to produce bio-chemicals and bio-fuels. Value-added products from agro wastes are now needed every hour as far as the sustainable production of energy and biochemical is an important concern. Agro-waste utilization-based biorefineries can provide a big pillar for the development of a circular bio-economy. The review emphasizes the value-added products generated from agricultural byproducts/waste residue's utility, towards sustainability and a clean environment.