Abstract
This study estimated the biopsychosocial factors related to active physical behavior in the Brazilian population with and without chronic non-transmissible disease (NCD). Cross-sectional study of the National Health Survey (NHS) in Brazil, with 60,202 individuals in 2013. Participants were randomly selected by complex sampling. The outcome was physically active behavior measured by performing a minimum of 150 min of physical exercise per week. The independent variables were social and psychological characteristics, lifestyle and health. Cox regression was applied to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). There are 29,666 (48.3%; 95% CI 47.0–50.0) participants reported having NCD. Not being a smoker or alcoholic, living in an urban area (PR = 1.44; CI95% 1.23–1.68/PR = 1.38; CI95% 1.08–1.75), having informal social support (PR = 1.26; CI95% 1.10–1.44/PR = 1.19; CI95% 1.05–1.34), A social class (PR = 0.43; CI95% 0.25–0.73/PR = 0.46; CI95% 0.26–0.80), high schooling (PR = 0.34; CI95% 0.23–0.51/PR = 0.33; CI95% 0.24–0.46) as well as paid work (PR = 0.87; CI95% 0.78–0.96/PR = 0.89; CI95% 0.79–0.99) are more associated with active lifestyle in both groups. However, only in the group without NCD, the male sex (PR = 1.42; CI95% 1.28–1.57), no having some disability (PR = 1.31; CI95% 1.03–1.66) and having private health insurance (PR = 1.26; CI95% 1.13–1.41) were more associated with active behavior, while in the group with NCD, being elderly (PR = 1.22; CI95% 1.05–1.42), not be white (PR = 0.85; CI95% 0.77–0.95) and not having restful sleep (PR = 1.23; CI95% 1.08–1.40) are associated with active lifestyle. People with and without NCD in Brazil have very close active behavior, however, some biopsychosocial factors such as: sex, age, lifestyle, socioeconomic level are unevenly associated with the active lifestyle in the groups. Thus, therapeutic or preventive proposals as well as public policies for health promotion must observe these distinctions when elaborating their actions.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends performing at least 150 min of moderate physical activity or 75 min of vigorous physical activity weekly for an individual to be considered physically active and to obtain health benefits
The noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) group is composed of older people (13.5%) as well as people who report more depressive symptoms (42.8%), emotional lability (32.6%), poor health perception (10.1%) and disabilities (12.0%)
Our findings indicate that age is only relevant for regular physical activity in individuals with NCDs, and the elderly in this group are less active than adults
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends performing at least 150 min of moderate physical activity or 75 min of vigorous physical activity weekly for an individual to be considered physically active and to obtain health benefits. In 2016, they were responsible for 71% of deaths worldwide, the highest risk of death in middle and low-income c ountries[3]. In this country, 74% of deaths are due to NCDs and about 45% of the adult population report having at least one of these conditions[4]. Regular physical activity has a considerable role in preventing and reducing the progression of NCDs, it is included within the Strategic Action Plan for Tackling Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in Brazil 2011–20226–9. People with NCDs greatly benefit from regular active behavior, that helps to mitigate the disabilities produced by morbidity and, sometimes, reversing their progression. In addition to the several factors that may be associated with inequitable access to physical activity, adherence to physical activity by Brazilians with NCDs is mediated by factors such as income and e ducation[14]
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