Abstract
Sleep is a dimension of well-being and health. Non-restful sleep is related to health dysfunctions, especially in vulnerable populations, considering that related factors change contextually. Thus, the objective of the present study was to measure the magnitude of the reduction in sleep restorative function (SRF) and related biopsychosocial factors in Brazilian elderly. Secondary data from the 2013 National Health Survey of cross-sectional design were analyzed. The sample consisted of individuals as from 60 years old. The outcome considered was the prevalence of reduced self-perceived sleep restorative function (SRF). Health and sleep characteristics, emotional behavior, lifestyle, social support, and urbanization were all investigated. The association with outcome was measured with the prevalence ratio (PR) and estimated with Cox regression, assuming α ≤ 0.05. SRF was reduced by 29.2% (95%CI 27.2 - 30.6%). It is related to depression (PR = 3.37; 95%CI 2.87 - 3.97), insomnia/sleepiness (PR = 2.45; 95%CI 2.14 - 2.79); behavioral oscillation (PR = 1.75; 95%CI 1.53 - 1.99), negative health perception (PR = 1.50; 95%CI 1.23 - 1.82), computer and internet (PR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.01 - 2.07) and functional difficulty (PR = 1.13; 95%CI 1.01 - 1.27). Living in urban areas (PR = 1.32; 95%CI 1.14 - 1.52) and having a chronic condition (PR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.11 - 2.40) were only associated to the worst situation of reduced SRF. The reduction in SRF affects one third of the elderly in Brazil and is closely related to biopsychosocial factors, requiring intersectoral public health promotion approaches.
Highlights
Sleep provides recover to the wake state and it has a relevant impact on the physiologic activities, such as cognitive/emotional behavior, cardiovascular function, and pain perception modulation[1]
That is why we report representative estimates for complaints related to sleep quality that illustrate the perception of the Brazilian population
Our findings show that elderly participants with functional disability for activities of daily living in research are more associated to insomnia/excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and sleep restorative function (SRF), which mediated for self-perceived health.[25]
Summary
Sleep provides recover to the wake state and it has a relevant impact on the physiologic activities, such as cognitive/emotional behavior, cardiovascular function, and pain perception modulation[1]. To study sleep effects in a population we should consider biological, behavioral and contextual factors[2] in analyses of epidemiologic surveys. Evidence indicates high prevalence ranges for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and insomnia in elderly people[4], most common sleep complaints, associated to depression and cardiovascular risk[9]. The objective of the present study was to measure the magnitude of the reduction in sleep restorative function (SRF) and related biopsychosocial factors in Brazilian elderly. The outcome considered was the prevalence of reduced self-perceived sleep restorative function (SRF). Conclusion: The reduction in SRF affects one third of the elderly in Brazil and is closely related to biopsychosocial factors, requiring intersectoral public health promotion approaches.
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