Biopsychosocial correlates of physical activity and sedentary time in adults with severe obesity.

Abstract

Adults with severe obesity have poorer health, are less active and spend more time sedentary compared to people with a lower body mass index (BMI). There is a pressing need to understand the factors associated with low physical activity (PA) and excessive sedentary time to develop more effective behaviour change interventions for this population. The purpose of this study was to identify biopsychosocial correlates of PA and sedentary time in adults living with severe obesity. Forty-four adults living with severe obesity (age = 50.5 ± 13.3 years; BMI = 44.3 ± 7.8 kg/m2 ) completed a survey including questions on sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, psychosocial factors (eg, social physique anxiety [SPA], social support for PA, PA level self-perception), quality of life, daily pain and self-reported moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA). Participants also completed the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) to assess physical fitness and wore an accelerometer to assess objective PA and sedentary time. In stepwise linear multivariate analyses, higher objective MVPA was associated with higher 6MWT distance, being single and lower SPA (R2 = 0.46, P < .001), whereas higher self-reported MVPA was associated with greater PA level self-perceptions (R2 = 0.47, P < .001). Greater objective light intensity PA was associated with greater quality of life and self-efficacy for PA (R2 = 0.26, P = .001). Greater sedentary time was associated with having more comorbidities (R2 = 0.25, P < .001). This study shows that adults living with severe obesity who have more comorbidities, poorer quality of life and/or lower self-efficacy perception for PA are more likely to be sedentary and to practice less light intensity PA. Additionally, those who were in a relationship, had higher SPA and/or had lower physical fitness practiced less MVPA. Future research is needed to determine causal effects.