Abstract
ABSTRACTMarine fungi, one of the major decomposers of marine environment, is found to produce potential enzymes and novel biomolecules. The present study explored bioprospecting potentials such as antimicrobial, anticancer and enzymatic activities of marine sediment-derived fungi isolated from continental slope of Eastern Arabian Sea. Morphology and ITS sequencing identified the fungus as Penicillium sp. ArCSPf. The fungal strain exhibited amylase, gelatinase, phytase, lipase and pectinase activity. The active fraction obtained from the ethyl acetate extract column fractionation (F2) of fungus showed antibacterial activity against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Bacillus cereus. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of F2 were 125 μg/mL for MRSA and 62.5 μg/mL for B. cereus. The active fraction showed a significant anticancer activity (IC50 = 22.79 µg/mL) against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The secondary metabolite (Z)-Octadec-9-enamide (oleamide, m/z 282.27 (M + H+)] was identified in the LC-MS/MS analysis of active fraction F2 in positive ionisation mode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on exploring the bioprospecting potential of a sediment-derived fungus from continental slope of eastern Arabian Sea for the production of therapeutically active compounds.
Highlights
The bioprospecting of marine-derived fungi, an underexplored resource of biodiversity, provides potent biomolecules with a wide range of therapeutic applications
The bioactive potential of a strain is correlated with their chemical profile of secondary metabolites, and screening and characterisation of these metabolites are found to be the key concepts of metabolomics (Roy and Banerjee 2017)
Both macroscopic and microscopic studies revealed that the fungus belonged to Penicillium sp. (Figure 1(e))
Summary
The bioprospecting of marine-derived fungi, an underexplored resource of biodiversity, provides potent biomolecules with a wide range of therapeutic applications. More than 1000 potent biomolecules with anticancer or antibacterial activities from marine fungi have been reported (Gomes et al 2015). Secondary metabolites from marine fungi warrant a great consideration as a future drug source for discovering novel therapeutics. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis is frequently employed to screen potential bioactive secondary metabolites of microbial strains (Lee et al 2011). Penicillium genus is widely distributed in marine environment and has received considerable attention due to the presence of secondary metabolites. Majority of bioactive secondary metabolites are reported from genus Penicillium (Capon et al 2007; Silber et al 2016). The enzyme potential, antibacterial and anticancer activities of Penicillium sp. Chemoprofiling of the metabolites in fungal extract was done using LC-MS/MS analysis
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