Abstract
Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya, diseases that have attracted the attention of scientific society and the population in general, due to epidemiological outbreaks and numerous health hazards and the imminent risk of death. Much has been discussed about more efficient forms of control for this mosquito, considering that the chemical control, currently used, has been causing impacts on the environment and the health of the population. Thus, alternative methods have been evaluated. Among them, biological control through products formulated from Bacillus thuringiensis has stood out, as biotechnological advances have allowed to improve and enhance the products already on the market, as well as to develop new bioinsecticides from the entomopathogenic proteins produced by these microorganisms, aiming to make the larvae control more and more effective. To this end, this study aimed to carry out a bibliographic survey on the use of Bacillus thuringiensis as a form of biological control of Aedes aegypti larvae, due to the need to use safer and more effective methods of control for disease vector insects.
Highlights
The genus Aedes has several species distributed throughout the world
The ease with which populations of this culicid increase and remain in urban centers is worrying, because, when they reproduce, they use several places that contain standing water to lay eggs, which, because they are resistant to desiccation, can remain viable in dry places for more than a year (Consoli and Lourenço-de-Oliveira, 1994)
Dengue epidemics have occurred in Brazil since 1986 and have been caused by four serotypes of the DENV virus (DENV-1, 2, 3 and 4), belonging to the genus Falvivirus and family Flaviviridae (Braga and Valle, 2007; Marchioro, 2016)
Summary
The genus Aedes has several species distributed throughout the world. Among them, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) stands out, mosquitoes abundant throughout Brazil and distributed in approximately 4,523 municipalities (Zara et al, 2016). It has a wide distribution, being found both in urban and suburban areas of tropical and subtropical regions, between latitudes 35° N and 35° S, as well as, latitude up to 45° N (Viveiros, 2010) They present complete metamorphosis and the life cycle comprises four phases: egg, larva (4 instars), pupa and the adult (Figure 1) (Gadelha and Toda, 1985; Araújo, 2011). Dengue epidemics have occurred in Brazil since 1986 and have been caused by four serotypes of the DENV virus (DENV-1, 2, 3 and 4), belonging to the genus Falvivirus and family Flaviviridae (Braga and Valle, 2007; Marchioro, 2016) This disease has as main symptoms, an abrupt high fever, headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pain, skin rashes, which can cause death in cases of hemorrhagic dengue (Polanczyk et al, 2003).
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