Abstract
The extraction of soluble hydrolysate protein and sugar from a biomass cocktail of defatted soybean meal (DSM) and jackfruit peel (JP) was examined using microwave-alkaline hydrolysis by varying the NaOH concentrations (0.04–0.11 M) and residence times (2–11 min). Based on the central composite design, the optimized parameters were achieved at 0.084 M NaOH concentration (100 mL), for 8.7 min at 300 W microwave power level to obtain the highest protein (5.31 mg/mL) and sugar concentrations (8.07 mg/mL) with > 75% recovery. Both raw and detoxified hydrolysate (using activated carbon) were correspondingly biocompatible with Enterobacter hormaechei strain 40a (P > 0.05) resulting in maximal cell counts of > 10 log CFU/mL. The optimized hydrolysate was prepared as an additive in molasses-alginate bead encapsulation of strain 40a. Further evaluation on phosphate and potassium solubilization performance of the encapsulated strain 40a exhibited comparable results with those of free cell counterpart (P > 0.05). The DSM-JP hydrolysate cocktail holds potential as a carrier additive of encapsulated-cell bead biofertilizers in order to sustain bacterial cell quality and consequently improve crop growth and productivity.
Highlights
The extraction of soluble hydrolysate protein and sugar from a biomass cocktail of defatted soybean meal (DSM) and jackfruit peel (JP) was examined using microwave-alkaline hydrolysis by varying the NaOH concentrations (0.04–0.11 M) and residence times (2–11 min)
Considering the pros and cons of the hydrolysis strategies, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of microwave-alkaline hydrolysis (MAH) treatment on the DSM and JP biomass cocktail in order to optimize the concentration of soluble protein and sugar in the hydrolysate
More than 50% nutrient fraction of DSM consisted of protein while more than two-thirds of JP comprised of carbohydrates
Summary
The extraction of soluble hydrolysate protein and sugar from a biomass cocktail of defatted soybean meal (DSM) and jackfruit peel (JP) was examined using microwave-alkaline hydrolysis by varying the NaOH concentrations (0.04–0.11 M) and residence times (2–11 min). Based on the central composite design, the optimized parameters were achieved at 0.084 M NaOH concentration (100 mL), for 8.7 min at 300 W microwave power level to obtain the highest protein (5.31 mg/mL) and sugar concentrations (8.07 mg/mL) with > 75% recovery Both raw and detoxified hydrolysate (using activated carbon) were correspondingly biocompatible with Enterobacter hormaechei strain 40a (P > 0.05) resulting in maximal cell counts of > 10 log CFU/mL. Sample DSM JP Molasses of the alginate matrix to establish a favourable micromilieu for bacterial cells by feeding vital nutrient sources permits cell metabolic activity to be maintained for longer p eriods[12] To this end, various types of additives have been employed in bioencapsulation systems to serve as bulking agents and/or stabilizers, other than to preserve and nourish the immobilized cells or s pores[13]. This has been demonstrated by Mishra et al.[17] who recorded 100% conidial germination and 78% conidial viability by the encapsulated Beauveria bassiana formulated using skim milk, polyvinylpyrrolidone K-90, and glucose as additives even after 12 months of storage at 30 °C
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