Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the biopotential of the young inflorescence tissues of Prunus, Malus and Chaenomeles in order to evaluate the possibility of their application in the food industry, and to provide a polyphenolic fingerprint for their quality control. The contents of different bioactive compounds and their antioxidant capacities were spectrophotometrically measured, the main phenolic compounds were identified and quantified using LC-DAD-MS, the antidiabetic potential was determined using α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays, the anti-inflammatory potential was determined using a 5-lipoxygenase inhibition assay, and the cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. Using one-way ANOVA, principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the relations between the samples, and between the samples and the measured parameters, were revealed. In total, 77 compounds were identified. The concentration of sugars was low in M. purpurea, at 1.56 ± 0.08 mg/g DW. The most effective sample in the inhibition of antidiabetic enzymes and anti-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase was C. japonica. The inhibition of α-glucosidase was strongly positively correlated with the total and condensed tannins, procyanidin dimers and procyanidin tetramer, and was very strongly correlated with chlorogenic acid. In α-amylase inhibition, C. japonica and P. serrulata ‘Kiku Shidare Zakura’ were equally efficient to the standard inhibitor, maltose. The most effective in the growth and proliferation inhibition of HepG2, HCT116 and HaCaT cells was P. avium. The results suggest Prunus, Malus and Chaenomeles inflorescences as functional food ingredients.
Highlights
This article is an open access articleInflorescence, as a precursor of a fruit, is composed of several types of metabolically very active tissues
In Cj, we identified 43 polyphenolic compounds (Table 2), compared to the 20 compounds identified in the fruits [27]
As far as individual compounds are concerned, according to Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the only compound that was very strongly correlated with the inhibition of αglucosidase was chlorogenic acid (Supplementary Table S2); as such, we suggest the further investigation of the antidiabetic potential of this phenolic compound
Summary
Inflorescence, as a precursor of a fruit, is composed of several types of metabolically very active tissues. The biopotential of the bioactive compounds of this plant structure has been recognized. The significant bioactivities of inflorescences of industrial hemp [1], Musa species [2], Sorbus aucuparia [3], Cistus salviifolius [4], Lonicera distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons. The intrinsic antiradical activity of industrial hemp’s inflorescences’ water extracts and mechanisms related to their anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antimycotic activity have been revealed [1]. The inflorescences of Musa species are one of the most widely consumed vegetables in the Southeast Asian region, and their biological activities are well known
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