Abstract
AbstractPreviously, we have pointed out that biophoton production can be a controlled process that originates from regulated redox/radical reactions. Our biophoton experiments support the notion that various visual related phenomena such as discrete retinal noise, retinal phosphenes as well as negative afterimages are due to biophotons. We have also suggested a new model, stating that the brain is able to create biophysical pictures in retinotopic visual areas via redox regulated biophotons of synchronized neurons. According to our interpretation, visualization (imagery) is a special kind of representation i.e., visual imagery requires peculiar inherent biophysical processes. Our idea of biophysical visual virtual reality in retinotopic areas may be a possible biophysical basis of Kosslyn's reality simulation principle in the case of visual imagery. Long-term visual memories are not stored as biophysical pictures but as epigenetic codes. During visual imagery, top-down processes control the epigenetic encoded long-term visual information. Then, according to retrieved epigenetic information, synchronized retinotopic neurons generate dynamic patterns of biophotons via redox reactions that can produce biophysical pictures. We have also presented an iterative model involving a biophysical picture-representation without homunculus during visual imagery.
Highlights
A great number of experiments have provided strong evidence that ROS and RNS as well as their derivatives act as regulated secondary messengers in diverse cells and neurons during intracellular signaling and intercellular communication processes[9]
We suggested that the discrete dark noise of rods can be due to the bioluminescent biophotons generated continuously by retinal lipid peroxidation and oxidative metabolism[5]
We presented the first experimental proof of the existence of spontaneous ultraweak biophoton emission and visible light induced delayed ultraweak biophoton emission from in vitro freshly isolated rat’s whole eye, lens, vitreous humor and retina[2]
Summary
A great number of experiments have provided strong evidence that ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) as well as their derivatives act as regulated secondary messengers in diverse cells and neurons during intracellular signaling and intercellular communication processes[9]. The delicate balance between beneficial and harmful effects of free radicals is essential for redox regulation and redox homeostasis of cells. Ultraweak photon emission (biophoton) is continuously emitted by all living cells without any excitation. Since the production of ROS and RNS is not a random process, but rather a precise mechanism used in cellular signaling pathways, the biophoton emission can be a redox regulated process in diverse cells and neurons
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