Abstract
Biological systems are hierarchically self-organized complex structures characterized by nonlinear interactions. Biochemical energy is transformed into work of physical forces required for various biological functions. We postulate that energy transduction depends on endogenous electrodynamic fields generated by microtubules. Microtubules and mitochondria colocalize in cells with microtubules providing tracks for mitochondrial movement. Besides energy transformation, mitochondria form a spatially distributed proton charge layer and a resultant strong static electric field, which causes water ordering in the surrounding cytosol. These effects create conditions for generation of coherent electrodynamic field. The metabolic energy transduction pathways are strongly affected in cancers. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells (Warburg effect) or in fibroblasts associated with cancer cells (reverse Warburg effect) results in decreased or increased power of the generated electromagnetic field, respectively, and shifted and rebuilt frequency spectra. Disturbed electrodynamic interaction forces between cancer and healthy cells may favor local invasion and metastasis. A therapeutic strategy of targeting dysfunctional mitochondria for restoration of their physiological functions makes it possible to switch on the natural apoptotic pathway blocked in cancer transformed cells. Experience with dichloroacetate in cancer treatment and reestablishment of the healthy state may help in the development of novel effective drugs aimed at the mitochondrial function.
Highlights
Partial suppression of oxidative metabolism in cancers was first discovered by Warburg et al [1]
Mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells (Warburg effect) or in fibroblasts associated with cancer cells results in decreased or increased power of the generated electromagnetic field, respectively, and shifted and rebuilt frequency spectra
Coherent electromagnetic fields generated by microtubules in living cells represent a new and outstanding issue in presentday cell biology
Summary
Partial suppression of oxidative metabolism in cancers was first discovered by Warburg et al [1]. It is worth noting that Warburg understood biological systems as highly organized structures at the time when little was known about the internal organization of a living cell. This led him to an intuitive conclusion that disturbances of oxidative metabolism are an essential part of cancer initiation and progression. The generation of cellular electromagnetic fields, was not ascribed to microtubules discovered by Amos and Klug [20] regardless of the extensive microtubule research at the time Both experimental and theoretical research of the cellular electromagnetic activity gradually pointed to microtubules as major sources of electromagnetic interactions [21, 22]. We believe that gaining a biophysical understanding of the complexity of cancer processes may significantly contribute to improved cancer diagnostics and treatment
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