Abstract
Biophysical chemistry is defined as the application of the concepts and methods of physical chemistry to the study of biological systems. Physical chemistry includes physiologically relevant subjects, such as thermodynamics, chemical equilibria and reaction kinetics, solutions and electrochemistry, properties and kinetic theory of gases, transport processes, surface phenomena, and molecular structure and spectroscopy. This chapter discusses the basic concepts of cell physiology by describing certain physicochemical properties of electrolytes and proteins that are relevant to an understanding of the structure and function of cells. All living cells contain proteins, salts, and water enclosed in membrane-bounded compartments. These biochemical and ionic cellular constituents, together with a set of genes, enzymes, substrates, and intermediates, function to maintain cellular homeostasis and enable cells to perform chemical, osmotic, mechanical, and electrical work. Concepts of biophysical chemistry are exemplified by human red blood cells, which lack membrane-bounded intracellular organelles and are devoid of the complexities introduced by intracellular compartments.
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