Biophoton Emission from Developing Eggs and Embryos: Non-Linearity, Wholistic Properties and Indications of Energy Transfer

Abstract

Ultraweak photon emission (UWPE) from developing eggs and embryos of sea-urchins, fishes (Misgurnus fossilus), amphibians and hens has been measured. Fertilization and (in the case of hen eggs) start of incubation led invariably to the rise of the UWPE level, which decreased again, with some irregular fluctuations, during the subsequent development. In sea urchin and amphibian eggs we detected the UWPE flashes immediately before the cleavage divisions. In M. fossilus eggs some more general correlations between the UWPE patterns and first cell cycles could be traced. UWPE from M. fossilus eggs was located mostly in the green (400–500 run) spectral range, that from the early hen embryos (without envelopes) exhibited a substantial UV component (< 300 nm), while the intact hen eggs and their shells emitted exclusively in the red spectral range (≥ 600 nm). UWPE is characterized by a temperature hysteresis and is more sensitive to the temperature gradients than to the absolute temperature values. By hyperbolic decay criteria, the UWPE from the eggs/embryos, as well from their envelopes was highly coherent. In M. fossilus embryos we observed extensive UWPE bursts after slight mechanical interventions. We relate this to the existence of some metastable storage of photonic energy. The UWPE rates of the whole hen and amphibian eggs (together with their envelopes) were largely unequal to the sums of the emission rates from the isolated components of the same eggs. These inequalities could be both negative and positive. We regard these inequalities as the manifestations of wholistic properties of the biophotonic fields. They may indicate a radiation-less transfer of photonic energy from the egg’s envelopes to the eggs/embryos themselves.